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Vol. 9. Issue 5.
Pages 395-409 (September - October 2003)
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Vol. 9. Issue 5.
Pages 395-409 (September - October 2003)
ARTIGO DE REVISÃO/REVISION ARTICLE
Open Access
Tratamento e prevenção das infecções e da colonização por Staphylococcus aureus
Treatment and prevention of Staphylococcus aureus infection and colonization
Visits
7110
Isabel Ribeiro*, Rui Castanheira**
* Interna Complementar de Nefrologia, Serviço de Medicina Interna B do Hospital de São João
** Assistente Hospitalar de Medicina Interna, Serviço de Medicina Interna B do Hospital de São João
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RESUMO

O número de infecções adquiridas na comunidade e nosocomiais por Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) aumentou nos últimos 20 anos. Durante o período de 1990 a 1992, este microrganismo tornou-se a causa mais frequente de infecções nosocomiais1,2. Por outro lado, como resultado da pressão de selecção dos antibióticos, tem havido um aumento dramático na proporção de infecções por S. aureus meticilino-resistente (SAMR) 3,4. Com a emergência recente de estirpes multirresistentes, incluindo a resistência aos glicopeptídeos, o tratamento destas infecções tornou-se ainda mais difícil2,4 −6.

É importante prevenir a emergência de mais estirpes resistentes. Para que isso aconteça, deve ser optimizado o uso da antibioterapia, desenvolvidos métodos laboratoriais para a detecção de microrganismos resistentes e devem ser tomadas precauções estritas no seguimento da infecção ou colonização de doentes com estas estirpes 6 −10.

Neste trabalho é feita uma uma revisão da história evolutiva dos anti-estafilocócicos e apresentadas as orientações actuais de tratamento e prevenção das infecções e da colonização pelo Staphylococcus aureus.

REV PORT PNEUMOL 2003; IX (5): 395-409

Palavras-chave:
Staphylococcus aureus
estafilococos meticilino-resistentes
anti-estafilocócicos
oxacillina
glicopeptídeos
vancomicina
linezolide
dalfopristina-quinopristina
ABSTRACT

The number of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) community and nosocomial acquired infections have increased in the last twenty years. Between 1990 and 1992, this pathogen has become the most frequent source of nosocomial infections 1,2. On the other hand, as result of antibiotherapy selection pressure, we observe a dramatic increase in the methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) infections 3,4. With the recent emergence of multirresistant strains, including glycopeptides resistance, the treatment of these infections became still more difficult 2,4−6.

It’s important to prevent resistant strains emergence. To prevent further emergence of resistant strains, the use of antibiotherapy must be optimised, laboratory methods for the detection of resistant pathogens must be enhanced and strict precautions should be taken following of the infection or colonization of patients 6−10.

In this paper, we review anti-staphylococci history evolution and point out the present recommendations for the treatment and prevention of Staphylococcus aureus infections and colonization.

REV PORT PNEUMOL 2003; IX (5): 395-409

Key-words:
Staphylococcus aureus
methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
anti-staphylococci
oxacillin
glycopeptide
vancomycin
linezolid
dalfopristin-quinopristin
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