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Vol. 4. Issue 4.
Pages 375-386 (July - August 1998)
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Vol. 4. Issue 4.
Pages 375-386 (July - August 1998)
ARTIGO ORIGINAL/ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Open Access
O Hialuronano no lavado broncoalveolar, um marcador de activação dos fibroblastos, reflecte a intensidade da inflamação intersticial na Suberose*
Hyaluronan in bronchoalveolar lavage, a marker of pulmonary fibroblast activation, reflects the interstitial inflammation in Suberosis
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Luis Delgado**, João Carlos Winck***, José Manuel Sapage***, José Augusto Fleming Torrinha**
** Serviço de lmunologia, Faculdade de Medicina e Hospital de S. João. Porto (Director: Prot: Doutor JA Flemmg Torrinha)
*** Consulta de Doenças Profissionais de Causa lnalatória, Departamento de Pneumologia, Centro Hospitalar de Vila Nova de Gaia (Director: Dr. A Ramalho de Almeida)
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RESUMO

O Hialuronano (ou Ácido Hialurónico) é um glicosaminoglicano presente na matriz intersticial do pulmão. sendo produzido por fibroblastos após diversos estímulos inflamatórios. O seu aumento no lavado broncoalveolar (LBA) tem sido descrito em diversas patologias pulmonares humanas e experimentais que evoluem para a fibrose e relacionado com a activação de fibroblastos.

Objectivos

Partindo da hipótese de que a activação de fibroblastos acompanha o recrutamento intersticial de linfócitos T citotóxicos e de mastócitos na Suberose, caracteristicamente observados nas formas de Pneumonite de Hipersensibilidade (P.H.), medimos os niveis de hialuronano (RA) no LBA de 31 doentes com queixas respiratórias associadas à exposição ocupacional na indústria da cortiça. Tentámos, também, relacionar os niveis de HA no LBA com a intensidade do envolvimento intersticial, avaliado pelas características da alveolite e a detioração funcional respiratória.

Doentes e Métodos

31 doentes estudados por história clínica e ocupacionaJ, exame fisico, telerradiografia de tórax, pletismografia corporal espirometria, difusão de CO, gasometria arterial em repouso e broncofibroscopia com lavagem broncoalveolar. A classificação dos doentes- 20com P.H., 8com asma brônquica e 3com bronquite crónica - foi feita de acordo com criterios clinicos, funcionais e da análise do líquido de lavagem broncoalveolar. O hialuronano no LBA foi quantificado por método radiométrico e a contagem celular diferencial e de mastócitos foi realizada em esfregaços de citocentrifuga. A Albumina e lgG no LBA foram medidas por nefelometria cinética.

Principals Resultados

Os niveis de HA no LBA estavam significativamente mais elevados no grupo com P.H., com uma mediana (e âmbito interquartis) de 67,1 μg/L (33,7-111,5) versus 22,7μg/L (12,8-40,7) nos casos com doença obstrutiva das vias aéreas (p<0,0l, teste de Mann-Whitney). Encontrámos no LBA uma correlação directa do HA com a celularidade total e com os niveis de lgG e Albumina (p<0,02, correlação de Spearman), bern como com o numero absoluto de linfócitos e mastócitos (p<0,01). Por outro lado, os níveis de HA correlacionaram-se inversamente com a difusão pulmonar e Capacidade Vital (DLCO rs = -0,58, CV rs = -0,61, p<0,002) e com o tempo de exposição (rs. = -0,45, p<0,05).

Conclusões

Os resultados obtidos sugerem que a activação de fibroblastos acompanha a resposta celular do interstício pulmonar à inalação de poeiras orgânicas na indústria da cortiça e apontam para a sua relação com a intensidade da inflamação e com a presença de linfócitos e mastócitos na superficie alveolar.

REV PORT PNEUMOL 1998; IV (4): 375-386

Palavras-chave:
Hialuronano
Lavado broncoalveolar
Suberose
Mastócitos
Fibroblastos
ABSTRACT

Hyaluronan (hyaluronic acid) is a glycosamino-glycan present in the interstitial lung matrix, and produced by activated fibroblasts stimulated by several inflammatory mediators. The increase of hyaluronan in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) has been described in several experimental and human fibrotic lung diseases and associated with fibroblast activation.

Aims

To Investigate the hypothesis that pulmonary fibroblast activation follows lung recruitment of T lymphocytes and mast cells in Suberosis, we measured BALF hyaluronan in 31 symptomatic cork workers with distinct clinicopathologic patterns.

Patients and Methods

We studied 31 patients with a clinical and occupational history, physical examination, chest X-ray, spirometry, body plethismography and carbon monoxide diffusing capacity, resting blood gases and BAL. Patients were classified in two different syndromes according to clinical, functional criteria and BALF analysis: 20 with hypersensitivity pneumonitis and l I with obstructive lung disease (8 with bronchial asthma and 3 with chronic bronchitis). BALF hyaluronan Levels were measured by a radiometric assay, BALF Albumin and IgG by rate nephelometry and differential and mast cell counts performed in BALF cytospins.

Results

BALF hyaluronan levels were significantly higher in patients with hypersensitivity pneumonitis, with a median (and interquartile range) of 67.1 μg/L (33.7-111.5) versus 22.7 μg/L (12.8-40.7) in patients with obstructive lung disease (p<0.01, Mann-Whitney). We found a significant correlation between BALF hyaJuronan, total cell numbers, albumin and IgG levels (p<0.02, Spearman correlation) and also with the total lymphocyte and mast cell counts (p<0.01). Moreover, we also found a significant inverse correlation between BALF hyaluronan, lung diffusion and Vital Capacity (DLCO rs = -0,58, VC rs = -0,61, p<0.002), and also with the ye.ars of exposure (rs = -0.45, p<0,05).

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that, in Suberosis, pulmonary fibroblast activation relates to the alveolar inflammatory response to mouldy corkdust inhalation and reflects its intensity, as seen by the presence of lymphocytes and mast cells in bronchoalveolar lavage.

REV PORT PNEUMOL 1998; IV (4): 375-386

Key-words:
Hyaluronan
Bronchoalveolar lavage
Suberosis
Mast cells
Fibroblasts
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