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Vol. 2. Issue 4 - 5.
Pages 269-276 (July - October 1996)
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Vol. 2. Issue 4 - 5.
Pages 269-276 (July - October 1996)
ARTIGO DE REVISÃO
Open Access
Nutrição em Unidade de Cuidados Intensivos -Parte II
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Cecília Mendonça*, António Carvalheira Santos**, Raul Amaral-Marques***
* Interno da Especialidade de Pneumologia, Departamento de Pneumologia, Hospital de Pulido Valente. Lisboa
** Assistente Graduado de Pneumologia, Departamento de Pneumologia, Hospital de Pulido Valente. Lisboa
*** Director do Serviço de Pnewnologia I e Responsável da Unidade de Cuidados Intensivos Pneumológicos - UCIP-HPV - Prof. Associado Convidado da Faculdade de Ciências Médicas.
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RESUMO

Nesta parte II do artigo “Nutrição em Unidade de Cuidados Intensivos” os autores privilegiam a via entérica para administração de nutrientes a doentes com um aparelho gastrointestinal funcionante. Refere-se quando e como iniciar a administração entérica e as contraindicações associadas à sua utilização, as sondas utilizadas e as técnicas de colocação. Quando a administração entérica está indicada por períodos prolongados pode ser importante discutir as vaotagens da efectivação de gastrostomia ou enterostomia.

A colocação indevida das sondas na árvore traqueo-brônquica, a aspiração e a diarreia são as principais complicações da administração entérica.

A administração entérica pode ser realizada de forma intermitente ou contínua. O resíduo gástrico deve ser avaliado regularmente e, se houver necessidade, pode recorrer-se à utilização de procinéticos.

São discutidas fórmulas especiais de administração entérica dirigidas nomeadamente aos doentes com DPOC, Insuficiência Renal e Diabetes. É focada a problemática da realimentação e sobrealimentação.

Finalmente são tratadas as indicações e controlo da alimentação parentérica.

SUMMARY

In the second part of “Nutrition in Intensive Care Unit” the authors emphasise the importance of enteric route for the administration of nutrients to patients with a normal condition of the gastroinstestinal tract. The rules for when and how initiate the enteric feeding and the associate contra indications, as well as the utilised catheters and techniques of implementation, are expressed in this article. When the enteric feeding is indicated for a long period of time, the advantages of gastrostomy or enterostomy, should be considered.

The incorrect positioning of the feeding catheter in tracheobronchial tree, aspiration and diarrhoea, are the most important complications of the enteric administration.

Enteric administration can be done by a intermittent or a continuous way. Gastric residue must be evaluated regularly and, if necessary, the utilisation of prokinetic drugs should start.

Special formulations for enteric administration, applied to patients with C.O.P.D., renal insufficiency and diabetes, are discussed. A special focus is addressed to the problematic of re-alimentation and over-alimentation.

Finally, the indications and control of parenterical feeding are discussed.

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Pulmonology
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