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Vol. 9. Issue 5.
Pages 411-425 (September - October 2003)
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Vol. 9. Issue 5.
Pages 411-425 (September - October 2003)
CASO CLÍNICO/CLINICAL CASE
Open Access
Mesotelioma maligno – um desafio diagnóstico
Malignant mesothelioma – a diagnostic challenge
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Maria João Marta1, João Santos Silva2, Anabela Oliveira3, J.A. Saavedra4
1 Interna do Complementar de Medicina Interna do Hospital de Santa Maria. Assistente Livre da Cadeira de Genética da Faculdade de Medicina de Lisboa.
2 Interno do Complementar de Medicina Interna do Hospital de Santa Maria.
3 Assistente Hospitalar de Medicina Interna do Hospital de Santa Maria. Assistente convidada da Cadeira de Medicina III da Faculdade de Medicina de Lisboa.
4 Chefe de Serviço do Hospital de Santa Maria. Assistente Convidado da Cadeira de Medicina III da Faculdade de Medicina de Lisboa.
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RESUMO

O mesotelioma maligno é uma neoplasia rara associada, em 80% dos casos, a exposição prolongada a asbestos, existindo um período de latência de 20 a 50 anos. O seu tratamento é quase sempre paliativo, dada a extensão da doença aquando do diagnóstico, sendo o tumor pouco sensível à quimioterapia e à radioterapia. A sobrevivência média varia entre 4 e 18 meses, raramente ultrapassando os 5 anos.

Apresenta-se o caso de um homem, de 82 anos, ex-marinheiro, com neoplasia da próstata em fase de “escape” hormonal, internado por tosse seca e dispneia, tendo sido documentado extenso derrame pleural à direita. Foi colocada como primeira hipótese a origem metastática, não esquecendo a infecciosa e a neoplásica primitiva. A toracocentese com biópsia pleural permitiu o diagnóstico de mesotelioma maligno do tipo epitelial, confirmado por toracoscopia, associado a exposição ocupacional prolongada a asbestos. Sem indicação cirúrgica, efectuou quimioterapia com gencitabina e cisplatina associada a pleurodese, com bom resultado clínico. No entanto, a presença de duas neoplasias malignas, aspecto não muito frequente na prática clínica, vem ensombrar o diagnóstico, especialmente pelo mesotelioma maligno do tipo epitelial no estádio II de Butchart. São abordadas novas técnicas de diagnóstico diferencial com o adenocarcinoma metastático, bem como “armas terapêuticas” promissoras, actualmente em investigação.

REV PORT PNEUMOL 2003; IX (5): 411-425

Palavras-chave:
Mesotelioma maligno
Asbestos
Toracoscopia
ABSTRACT

Malignant mesothelioma is a rare neoplasm associated, in 80% of the cases, with exposure to asbestos fibres, with a latency period between 20 and 50 years. The treatment is palliative in most cases because of the extension of the disease at the time of diagnosis. Mesothelioma is a resistant tumour to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Overall survival varies between 4 and 18 months, rarely over 5 years.

The authors present a case of a 82-year-old man, ex-sailor, with prostatic neoplasm in hormonal “escape” phase, admitted with cough and dyspnea. The chest radiograph showed extense right pleural effusion. The diagnostic hypothesis were metastatic, infeccious and primitive neoplasm origin. Pleural biopsy revealed epithelial malignant mesothelioma confirmed by thoracoscopy, associated with prolongated occupational exposure to asbestos fibres. Without surgery indication the patient was submitted to chemotherapy with gencitabin and cisplatin asociated with pleurodesis. Although he improved clinically, the presence of two malignant neoplasms, a rare situation in clinical practice, is associated with a poor prognosis, especially condicionated by the epithelial malignant mesothelioma in Butchart stage II. Finally, we discussed new differential diagnostic techniques with metastatic adenocarcinoma and target therapies under study.

REV PORT PNEUMOL 2003; IX (5): 411-425

Key-words:
Malignant mesothelioma
Asbestos
Thoracoscopy
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