TY - JOUR T1 - Stratifying risk outcomes among adult COVID-19 inpatients with high flow oxygen: The R4 score JO - Pulmonology T2 - AU - Aguirre-García,G.M. AU - Ramonfaur,D. AU - Torre-Amione,G. AU - Ramírez-Elizondo,M.T. AU - Lara-Medrano,R. AU - Moreno-Hoyos,J.F. AU - Velázquez-Ávila,E.S. AU - Diaz-Garza,C.A. AU - Sanchez-Nava,V.M. AU - Castilleja-Leal,F. AU - Rhoades,G.M. AU - Martínez-Reséndez,M.F. SN - 25310437 M3 - 10.1016/j.pulmoe.2021.10.001 DO - 10.1016/j.pulmoe.2021.10.001 UR - https://www.journalpulmonology.org/en-stratifying-risk-outcomes-among-adult-articulo-S2531043721001963 AB - BackgroundHigh flow oxygen therapy (HFO) is a widely used intervention for pulmonary complications. Amid the coronavirus infectious disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, HFO became a popular alternative to conventional oxygen supplementation therapies. Risk stratification tools have been repurposed –and new ones developed– to estimate outcome risks among COVID-19 patients. This study aims to provide a simple risk stratification system to predict invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) or death among COVID-19 inpatients on HFO. MethodsAmong 529 adult inpatients with COVID-19 pneumonia, we selected unadjusted clinical risk factors for developing the composite endpoint of IMV or death. The risk for the primary outcome by each category was estimated using a Cox proportional hazards model. Bootstrapping was used to validate the results. ResultsAge above 62, eGFR under 60 ml/min, room air SpO2 ≤89 % upon admission, history of hypertension, history of diabetes, and any comorbidity (cancer, cardiovascular disease, COPD/ asthma, hypothyroidism, or autoimmune disease) were considered for the score. Each of the six criteria scored 1 point. The score was further simplified into 4 categories: 1) 0 criteria, 2) 1 criterion, 3) 2-3 criteria, and 4) ≥4 criteria. Taking the first category as the reference, risk estimates for the primary endpoint were HR; 2.94 [1.67 – 5.26], 4.08 [2.63 – 7.05], and 6.63 [3.74 – 11.77], respectively. In ROC analysis, the AUC for the model was 0.72. ConclusionsOur score uses simple criteria to estimate the risk for IMV or death among COVID-19 inpatients with HFO. Higher category reflects consistent increases in risk for the endpoint. ER -