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Pages 9-61 (January - February 2004)
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Vol. 10. Issue 1.
Pages 9-61 (January - February 2004)
PRÉMIO THOMÉ VILLAR/BOEHRINGER INGELHEIM 2002 (SECÇÃO A)**

Vencedor ex-aequo

/THOMÉ VILLAR/BOEHRINGER INGELHEIM AWARD 2002 (SECTION A)
Open Access
Estudo dos factores limitativos do exercício físico em doentes com doença pulmonar obstrutiva crónica
Visits
4950
Fátima Rodrigues**
** Assistente hospitalar de Pneumologia do Hospital de Pulido Valente, SA, Lisboa
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Under a Creative Commons license
Article information
RESUMO

A Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crónica (DPOC) é uma das principais causas de morbilidade e mortalidade em todo o mundo. Os doentes com DPOC moderada/grave apresentam, com frequência, intolerância ao exercício físico nas actividades da vida diária, o que afecta a sua qualidade de vida. São apontadas na literatura diversas causas para a diminuição da tolerância ao exercício físico: a obstrução brônquica, a hiperinsuflação pulmonar, a fraqueza dos músculos respiratórios e dos músculos periféricos, entre outras.

O presente trabalho teve por objectivo identificar os factores potencialmente implicados na limitação do exercício num grupo de doentes com DPOC moderada a grave.

Estudaram-se 24 doentes do sexo masculino com 64,13+8,46 anos (46-83 anos), FEV1:46,96 + + 12,99% do teórico, FRC: 144,71+26,86% do teórico, DLCO: 69,88+16,49 % teórico, PaO2:78,25+7,82mmHg, PaCO2:40,78+4,28mmHg. Os doentes foram submetidos a um teste incremental progressivo limitado por sintomas em cicloergómetro. Correlacionaram-se os parâmetros funcionais em repouso e no exercício com o consumo máximo de oxigénio, a carga suportada e a duração da prova.

Os factores que contribuíram de forma mais significativa para a limitação do desempenho no exercício foram a alteração das trocas gasosas, a limitação ventilatória e um menor índice de massa corporal na avaliação nutricional.

A hiperinsuflação pulmonar avaliada em repouso não se correlacionou com o desempenho no exercício. Quanto à hiperinsuflação pulmonar no exercício, contribuiu de forma importante para a intolerância ao esforço, através da restrição progressiva à expansão do volume corrente necessária para fazer face ao aumento das exigências metabólicas do exercício.

Os parâmetros funcionais avaliados em repouso não se correlacionaram com o desempenho no exercício, o que revela a importância das provas de esforço cardiorrespiratórias para a detecção dos factores que limitam o exercício em cada doente.

A identificação dos factores limitativos do desempenho no exercício poderá contribuir significativamente para a definição da estratégia terapêutica a adoptar nos doentes com DPOC.

REV PORT PNEUMOL 2004; X (1): 9-61

Palavras-chave:
DPOC
capacidade para o exercício físico
alteração das trocas gasosas
limitação ventilatória
hiperinsuflação pulmonar
ABSTRACT

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Moderate to severe COPD patients demonstrate severe impairments in exercise performance in daily activities, significantly affec-ting their quality of life. There are several causes for this limitation found in literature: air-flow limitation, lung hyperinflation, respiratory and peripheral muscles weakness, among others.

In this study we intended to identify the potentially relevant factors that influence exercise performance in a group of moderate to severe COPD patients.

We studied 24 male patients, 64,13+8,46years old (46-83 years), FEV1:46,96+12,99% predicted, FRC: 144,71+26,86% predicted, DLCO: 69,88+16,49 % predicted, PaO2:78,25+7,82mmHg, PaCO2:40,78+4,28mmHg. Patients performed an incremental symptom-limited cycle exercise. We correlated rest and exercise lung function parameters with peak oxygen uptake, maximal work rate and time span to exertion.

The main contributors to exercise limitation were gas exchange abnormalities, ventilatory limitation and smaller values of body mass index.

Rest lung hyperinflation didn’t correlate with exercise performance. Dynamic exercise hyperinflation contributed greatly to exercise intolerance, through progressive restriction to tidal volume expansion necessary to deal with increasing exercise metabolic demands.

Rest lung function parameters didn’t correlate with exercise performance, stressing the importance of cardio-pulmonary exercise testing in the detection of exercise limitation factors in each patient.

The identification of exercise limitation factors will certainly contribute to towards defining the best therapeutic approach in COPD patients.

REV PORT PNEUMOL 2004; X (1): 9-61

Key-words:
COPD
exercise capacity
gas exchange abnormalities
ventilatory limitation
lung hyperinflation
RÉSUMÉ

La Bronchopneumopathie Chronique Obstructive (BPCO) est une cause majeure de morbidité et de mortalité dans le monde. Les patients BPCO modérés à sévères montrent d’importantes limitations à l’exercice physique dans leurs activités journalières, affectant de manière significative leur qualité de vie. Il existe plusieurs causes à cette limitation identifiées dans la littérature: les limitations des débits ventilés, l’hyperinflation pulmonaire, la faiblesse des muscles respiratoires et périphériques, parmi d’autres.

Le but de cette étude etait d’identifier les facteurs en relation possible avec la limitation de la performance physique chez un groupe de patients BPCO modérés à sévères.

Nous avons étudié 24 sujets masculins, âgés de 64,13+8,46 ans (de 46-83 ans), FEV1:46,96+12,99%, FRC: 144,71+26,86%, DLCO: 69,88+16,49 % (% de la valeur prédite), PaO2:78,25+7,82mmHg, PaCO2:40,78+4,28mmHg. Les patients ont réalisé un exercice à charge croissante sur bicyclette ergométrique jusqu’à la limite imposée par les symptômes. Nous avons comparé les paramètres de la fonction pulmonaire au repos et à l’exercice avec la consommation maximale d’oxygène, le travail maximal supporté et le temps d´épreuve jusqu´à l´exhaustion.

Les principaux facteurs limitant l’exercice physique sont les anomalies des échanges gazeux, la limitation ventilatoire et de faibles valeurs de l’index de masse corporelle.

L’hyperinflation au repos n’est pas corrélée avec la performance physique. L’hyperinflation dynamique contribue de manière importante à l’intolérance à l’exercice, en raison d’une restriction progressive de l’expansion du volume courant nécessaire à une adaptation à la demande métabolique croissante liée à l’exercice.

Les paramètres de la fonction pulmonaire au repos ne sont pas corrélés avec la performance physique, attirant ainsi l’attention sur l’importance du test cardio-respiratoire à l’effort pour détecter les facteurs limitatifs de l’exercice de chaque patient.

L’identification des facteurs limitants l’exercice contribuera certainement à préciser la meilleure approche thérapeutique du patient BPCO.

REV PORT PNEUMOL 2004; X (1): 9-61

Mots-clé:
BPCO
capacité à l’exercice physique
anomalies des échanges gazeux
limitation ventilatoire
hyperinflation pulmonaire
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