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Vol. 13. Issue 6.
Pages 789-799 (November - December 2007)
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Vol. 13. Issue 6.
Pages 789-799 (November - December 2007)
Artigo Original / Original Article
Open Access
Tuberculose em profissionais de saúde de um serviço hospitalar
Tuberculosis in hospital department health care workers
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5309
Sandra Saleiro1,
Corresponding author
sandrasaleiro@portugalmail.pt

Hospital de São João – Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4202-451 Porto, Telefone: 225512215
, Ana Rosa Santos2, Otília Vidal2, Teresa Carvalho3, José Torres Costa4, José Agostinho Marques5
1 Interna Complementar de Pneumologia / Pulmonology resident, Serviço de Pneumologia – Hospital de São João / Pulmonology Unit – Hospital de São João Director de Serviço: Prof. Doutor José Agostinho Marques / Director: Prof. Doutor José Agostinho Marques
2 Assistente Hospitalar Graduada de Pneumologia / Pulmonology consultant, Serviço de Pneumologia – Hospital de São João / Pulmonology Unit – Hospital de São João Director de Serviço: Prof. Doutor José Agostinho Marques / Director: Prof. Doutor José Agostinho Marques
3 Assessora Superior de Saúde; Licenciada em Farmácia / Senior health care assistant; Pharmacy graduate, Serviço de Microbiologia – Hospital de São João / Microbiology Unit – Hospital de São João Directora de Serviço: Prof. Doutora Maria José Vaz / Director: Prof. Doutora Maria José Vaz
4 Assistente Hospitalar Graduado de Imunoalergologia / Allergology and Clinical Immunology consultant, Serviço de Saúde Ocupacional – Hospital de São João / Occupational Health Unit – Hospital de São João Director de Serviço: Prof. Doutor José Torres Costa / Director: Prof. Doutor José Torres Costa
5 Chefe de Serviço e Director de Serviço de Pneumologia / Head /director, Pulmonology Unit, Serviço de Pneumologia – Hospital de São João / Pulmonology Unit – Hospital de São João Director de Serviço: Prof. Doutor José Agostinho Marques / Director: Prof. Doutor José Agostinho Marques
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Resumo

Introdução: A tuberculose é considerada uma doença ocupacional nos profissionais de saúde e a sua transmissão, nas instituições de saúde, constitui um problema importante. Alguns serviços hospitalares estão particularmente expostos a risco de infecção.

Objectivo: Caracterizar os casos de tuberculose detectados na sequência de um rastreio efectuado aos profissionais de saúde de um serviço hospitalar (otorrinolaringologia) que contactaram com casos de tuberculose activa.

Material e métodos: Procedeu-se à realização de rastreio de tuberculose a todos os funcionários (73) do serviço de Otorrinolaringologia do Hospital de São João que contactaram com dois doentes internados com tuberculose activa. A todos aqueles que referiram sintomas foi realizada radiografia torácica e exame micobacteriológico de expectoração.

Resultados: Dos 73 profissionais de saúde submetidos ao rastreio, foi estabelecido o diagnóstico de tuberculose em 9 (8 do sexo feminino; idade mediana: 30 anos; uma médica, seis enfermeiros e dois auxiliares de acção médica). Em 8 profissionais de saúde foi diagnosticada tuberculose pulmonar, tratando-se o outro caso de tuberculose extra-pulmonar. O diagnóstico microbiológico foi obtido em 7 casos pelos seguintes métodos: exame micobacteriológico directo de expectoração, n=2; exame cultural de lavado brônquico, n=4; exame histológico de tecido pleural, n=1. Em 4 casos, o DNA do Mycobacterium tuberculosis foi extraído das culturas, tendo sido efectuada tipagem molecular. Todos estes casos apresentaram tipagem idêntica, o que permite a identificação de uma ligação epidemiológica.

Conclusão: A tuberculose nosocomial é relevante, sendo necessário efectuar um esforço para implementar, com sucesso, medidas de controlo de infecção nas instituições de saúde, assim como um programa eficaz de rastreio de tuberculose entre os profissionais de saúde. A tipagem molecular do Mycobacterium tuberculosis facilita a identificação de clusters de infecção.

Rev Port Pneumol 2007; XIII (6): 789-799

Palavras-chave:
Tuberculose
profissionais de saúde
nosocomial
Abstract

Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) is considered an occupational disease in health care workers (HCW) and its transmission in health care facilities is an important concern. Some hospital departments are at higher risk of infection.

Objective: To describe TB cases detected after TB screening in HCW from a hospital department (Ear, Nose and Throat – ENT) who had had contact with active TB cases.

Material and methods: All HCW (73) from Hospital São João’s ENT Unit who had been in contact with two in-patients with active TB underwent TB screening. Those who had symptoms underwent chest X-ray and mycobacteriological sputum exam.

Results: Of 73 HCW who underwent TB screening, TB diagnosis was established in 9 (8 female; median age: 30 years; 1 doctor, 6 nurses, 2 nursing auxiliaries). Pulmonary TB was found in 8 and extra-pulmonary TB in 1. Microbiology diagnosis was obtained in 7 cases by sputum smear, n=2; culture exam in bronchial lavage, n=4 and histological exam of pleural tissue, n=1. In 4 cases, Mycobacterium tuberculosis genomic DNA was extracted from cultures and molecular typing was done. All cases had identical MIRU types, which allowed identification of the epidemiological link.

Conclusion: Nosocomial TB is prominent and efforts should be made to implement successful infection control measures in health care facilities and an effective TB screening program in HCW. Molecular typing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis facilitates cluster identification.

Rev Port Pneumol 2007; XIII (6): 789-799

Key-words:
Tuberculosis
health care workers
nosocomial
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Copyright © 2007. Sociedade Portuguesa de Pneumologia/SPP
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