Journal Information
Vol. 17. Issue 2.
Pages 53-58 (March - April 2011)
Vol. 17. Issue 2.
Pages 53-58 (March - April 2011)
Artigo original
Open Access
Reacção paradoxal da pressão arterial ao tratamento com pressão positiva na via aérea em doentes com apneia do sono
Paradoxical reaction of blood pressure on sleep apnoea patients treated with Positive Airway Pressure
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C. Chaves Loureiroa,
Corresponding author
cl_loureiro@hotmail.com

Autor para correspondência.
, M. Drummondb, J.C. Winckc, J. Almeidab
a Serviço de Pneumologia, Hospitais da Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
b Serviço de Pneumologia, Hospital de São João do Porto, Porto, Portugal
c Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Serviço de Pneumologia, Hospital de São João do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Resumo
Introdução

Doentes com síndrome de Apneia Obstrutiva do Sono (SAOS) podem desenvolver hipertensão arterial (HTA) sendo a pressão positiva na via aérea (PAP) um tratamento eficaz no controlo da pressão arterial (PA).

Objectivos

Analisar uma população de doentes com SAOS que desenvolveu aumento inesperado da PA após o uso de PAP e verificar a existência de correlações entre o aumento da PA, quer com os índices de gravidade da SAOS, quer com a adesão ao tratamento com suporte ventilatório nocturno.

Métodos

Análise retrospectiva e descritiva de 30 doentes com SAOS e hipertensão previamente controlada, tratados com PAP, em média durante um ano, que desenvolveram um aumento da pressão arterial, definida como aumento de 5mmHg na Pressão Arterial Sistólica (PAS) e/ou Diastólica (PAD), após instituição de terapêutica PAP. Análise correlativa do aumento da PA com os índices de gravidade da SAOS e com a adesão ao tratamento, utilizando o coeficiente de Pearson.

Resultados

De 508 doentes consecutivos seguidos no nosso Departamento, tratados com suporte ventilatório nocturno, 30 evoluíram com aumento de PA após o início do tratamento (idade 58 anos (SD 10,8), índice de Apneia-Hipopneia (IAH) 46,1 (SD 18,68). Após o uso de PAP, a variação da Pressão Arterial Média (PAM), da PAS e da PAD foi, respectivamente, de 16mmHg, 20mmHg e 6mmHg (SD: 15,0; 25,0; 19,4). Nenhum doente mostrou aumento significativo de Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC). O valor da Escala de Sonolência de Epworth (ESE) diminuiu 8,9 pontos (SD 5,48). As variações de PAM, PAS e PAD não se relacionaram com P90/P95, IAH residual, fugas ou adesão a PAP.

Conclusões

Neste grupo que desenvolveu um aumento da PA com o uso de PAP não se identificaram características específicas. Não foram encontradas correlações entre os aumentos da PA, nem com os índices de gravidade de SAOS nem com a adesão à PAP. Nem a variação do IMC nem do wakefulness status explicaram o aumento da PA. Estudos têm relacionado polimorfismos dos adrenoreceptores β1 com diferentes respostas da PA ao suporte ventilatório. Mais estudos são necessários a fim de clarificar a causa desta reacção paradoxal.

Palavras-chave:
Doentes hipertensivos
SAOS
Tratamento com pressão aérea positiva
Reacção paradoxal
Abstract
Introduction

Obstructive Sleep Apnoea Syndrome (OSAS) patients may develop hypertension and Positive Airway Pressure (PAP) is an effective treatment in blood pressure (BP) control.

Objectives

Analyse a hypertensive OSAS population with unexpected BP rise after PAP usage and verify correlations between BP rise, either with OSAS severity index or nocturnal ventilatory support compliance.

Methods

Descriptive, retrospective analysis of 30 patients with PAP treated OSA, for one year, on average, and with previous controlled hypertension, who developed a rise in BP, defined as augmentation of > 5mmHg in systolic (SBP) and/or diastolic BP (DBP), after PAP usage. Co-relational analysis of BP increase, with OSAS severity indexes and therapy compliance, using Pearson coefficient.

Results

Of 508 consecutive patients followed in our Department, treated with nocturnal ventilatory support, 30 evolved with BP rise after initiating treatment (age 58±10.8 years; Apnoea-Hypopnoea Index [AHI], 46.1±18.68). After PAP usage, mean blood pressure (MBP), Systolic BP (SBP) and Diastolic BP (DBP) variation was 16±15mmHg, 20±25 mmHg and 6±19.4mmHg, respectively. No patient showed significant BMI increase. Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) value decreased 8.9±5.48 points. MBP, SBP and DBP variations were not correlated with P90/P95, residual AHI, leaks or PAP compliance.

Conclusions

No specific characteristics were identified in the group who developed a rise in BP with PAP usage. No correlations were found between rises in BP and OSAS severity indexes or PAP compliance. Neither BMI nor variation in wakefulness status explained the rise in BP. Studies relate polymorphisms of β1-adrenoreceptors with different BP responses to ventilatory support. More studies are needed to clarify the cause of this paradoxical response.

Keywords:
Hypertensive patients
OSAS
Treatment with positive pressure
Paradoxical reaction
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Pulmonology
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