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Vol. 15. Issue 4.
Pages 669-682 (July - August 2009)
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Vol. 15. Issue 4.
Pages 669-682 (July - August 2009)
Artigo de Revisão/Review Article
Open Access
Modelos experimentais em oncologia: O contributo da cultura de células para o conhecimento da biologia do cancro
Experimental models in oncology: Contribution of cell culture on understanding the biology of cancer
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Mariana Cruz1, Margarida Enes1, Marta Pereira1, Marília Dourado2,3, Ana Bela Sarmento Ribeiro2,4
1 Aluna do 6.º ano de Medicina da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Coimbra 2007-2008
2 Professora da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Coimbra
3 Disciplina de Fisiopatologia, mestrado integrado em Medicina Dentária.
4 Instituto de Bioquímica e disciplina de Biologia Molecular Aplicada. Mestrado integrado em Medicina
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Resumo

A cultura de tecidos surgiu no século xx (Harrison, 1907) para estudar o comportamento das células animais em ambiente homeostático e em situações de stress.

A capacidade de estudar as células a nível molecular relaciona-se com a forma como as células podem crescer e ser manipuladas em laboratório. A cultura de células in vitro permitiu estudar crescimento, diferenciação e morte celular e efectuar manipulações genéticas necessárias ao perfeito conhecimento da estrutura e funções dos genes.

A cultura de células estaminais humanas veio colmatar algumas limitações inerentes aos restantes modelos de cultura. Ao que parece, as células estaminais cancerígenas mantêm-se quiescentes nos locais metastáticos até serem activadas por sinais apropriados do microambiente.

Vários estudos revelaram que diferentes tipos de cancros podem surgir da transformação maligna de células estaminais. A eliminação destas células progenitoras tumorais é essencial para o desenvolvimento de novas abordagens terapêuticas mais eficazes em cancros agressivos. Por outro lado, a utilização de células dendríticas modificadas em cultura poderá contribuir para a produção de uma potencial vacina terapêutica eficaz para obter a regressão tumoral.

Rev Port Pneumol 2009; XV (4): 669-682

Palavras-chave:
Cultura de células
oncologia
células dendríticas
terapêutica
Abstract

In the beginning of the 20th century, tissue culture was started with the aim of studying the behaviour of animal cells in normal and stress conditions.

The cell study at molecular level depends on their capacity of growing and how they can be manipulated in laboratory. In vitro cell culture allows us the possibility of studying biological key processes, such as growth, differentiation and cell death, and also to do genetic manipulations essential to the knowledge of structure and genes function.

Human stem cells culture provides strategies to circumvent other models’ deficiencies.

It seems that cancer stem cells remain quiescent until activation by appropriated micro-environmental stimulation.

Several studies reveal that different cancer types could be due to stem cell malignant transformations. Removal of these cells is essential to the development of more effective cancer therapies for advanced disease. On the other hand, dendritic cells modified in culture may be used as a therapeutic vaccine in order to induce tumour withraw.

Rev Port Pneumol 2009; XV (4): 669-682

Key-words:
Cell culture
oncology
dendritic cells
therapy
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Copyright © 2009. Sociedade Portuguesa de Pneumologia/SPP
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