Journal Information
Vol. 13. Issue 1.
Pages 9-34 (January - February 2007)
Share
Share
Download PDF
More article options
Vol. 13. Issue 1.
Pages 9-34 (January - February 2007)
Artigo Original / Original Article
Open Access
Alterações genéticas no cancro do pulmão: Avaliação das limitações ao seu uso na rotina clínica
Genetic alterations in lung cancer: Assessing limitations in routine clinical use
Visits
5245
Joana Espiga Macedo1, Ângela M.S. Costa1,2, Inês A.M. Barbosa2,3, Sandra Rebelo1,4, Conceição Souto de Moura1,5, Luís Teixeira da Costa2,6, Venceslau Hespanhol1,7
1 Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto / University of Porto Faculty of Medicine
2 IPATIMUP
3 Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto / University of Porto Faculty of Science
4 Serviço de Histologia, Hospital de S. João / Hospital de S. João, Histology Unit
5 Serviço de Anatomia Patológica, Hospital de S. João / Hospital de S. João, Anatomic Pathology Unit
6 ICAM, Universidade de Évora / ICAM, University of Évora
7 Serviço de Pneumologia, Hospital de S. João / Hospital de S. João, Pulmonolgy Unit
This item has received

Under a Creative Commons license
Article information
Resumo

O cancro do pulmão é a causa mais frequente de mortalidade por cancro no mundo, sendo responsável por cerca de 1,1 milhões de mortes por ano. A sobrevivência média dos doentes é geralmente curta, por a doença se encontrar em estádios avançados na altura do diagnóstico, mas também devido à falta de eficácia dos tratamentos disponíveis. O advento da genética molecular dos tumores trouxe consigo a possibilidade de modificar esta situação, quer através do refinamento do diagnóstico, quer da identificação de alvos terapêuticos específicos, quer sobretudo por – pelo menos em teoria – permitir o diagnóstico precoce da doença. No entanto, e apesar de numerosos trabalhos terem já demonstrado a utilidade das técnicas da genética molecular no estudo do cancro do pulmão, o seu uso na rotina clínica em Portugal tem sido limitado.

No presente estudo, utilizou-se a pesquisa de mutações no anti-oncogene p53 em amostras clínicas de doentes com diagnóstico de cancro do pulmão como método para identificar as dificuldades práticas à integração da genética molecular na rotina clínica. Os resultados obtidos sugerem que o principal factor limitante a essa integração é a obtenção de amostras de ADN de qualidade, um problema que pode ser superado pela alteração das práticas correntes de recolha de amostras.

Rev Port Pneumol 2007; XIII (1): 9-34

Palavras-chave:
Cancro
pulmão
clínica
genética molecular
mutação
p53
Abstract

Lung cancer is the most frequent cause of cancer mortality worldwide, responsible for approximately 1.1 million deaths per year. Median survival is short, both as most tumours are diagnosed at an advanced stage and because of the limited efficacy of available treatments. The development of tumour molecular genetics carries the promise of altering this state of affairs, as it should lead to a more precise classification of tumours, identify specific molecular targets for therapy and, above all, allow the development of new methods for early diagnosis. Despite numerous studies demonstrating the usefulness of molecular genetic techniques in the study of lung cancer, its routine clinical use in Portugal has, however, been limited.

In this study, we used a p53 mutation screen in multiple clinical samples from a series of lung cancer patients to attempt to identify the main practical limitations to the integration of molecular genetics in routine clinical practice. Our results suggest that the main limiting factor is the availability of samples with good quality DNA; a problem that could be overcome by alterations in common sample collection and storage procedures.

Rev Port Pneumol 2007; XIII (1): 9-34

Key-words:
Cancer
lung
clinical
molecular genetics
mutation
p53
Full text is only aviable in PDF
Bibliografia / Bibliography
[1.]
P. Boyle, J. Ferlay.
Cancer incidence and mortality in Europe, 2004.
Ann Oncol, 16 (2005), pp. 481-488
[2.]
A. Cayuela, S. Rodríguez-Domínguez, J.L. López-Campos, R.O. Candelera, C.R. Matutes.
Joinpoint regression analysis of lung cancer mortality, Andalusia 1975-2000.
Ann Oncol, 15 (2004), pp. 793-796
[3.]
P. Boyle, C. Dresler.
Preventing the lung cancer epidemic.
Ann Oncol, 16 (2005), pp. 1565-1566
[4.]
A. Jemal, T. Murray, A. Samuel, A. Ghafoor, E. Ward, M.J. Thun.
Cancer statistics.
CA Cancer J Clin., 53 (2003), pp. 5-26
[5.]
C.F. Mountain.
Revisions in the International Systems for Staging Lung Cancer.
Chest, 111 (1997), pp. 1710-1717
[6.]
P.C. Nowell.
The clonal evolution of tumor cell populations.
Science., 194 (1976), pp. 23-28
[7.]
E.R. Fearon, B. Vogelstein.
A genetic model for colorectal tumorigenesis.
Cell, 61 (1990), pp. 759-767
[8.]
T. Sjoblom, S. Jones, L.D. Wood, D.W. Parsons, et al.
The consensus coding sequences of human breast and colorectal cancers.
Science, 314 (2006), pp. 268-274
[9.]
American Joint commission for cancer.
AJCC Cancer Staging Handbook, 5,
[10.]
L. Mao, R.H. Hruban, J.O. Boyle, M. Tockman, D. Sidransky.
Detection of oncogene mutations in sputum precedes diagnosis of lung cancer.
Cancer Res, 54 (1994), pp. 1634-1637
[11.]
P. Keohavong, W.-M. Gao, K.-C. Zheng, H. Mady, Q. Lan, M. Melhaen, J. Mumford.
Detection of K-ras and p53 mutations in sputum samples of lung cancer patients using laser capture microdessection microscope and mutation analysis.
Analyt Biochem, 324 (2004), pp. 92-99
[12.]
S.A. Ahrendt, J.T. Chow, Li-Hua Xu, S.C. Yang, C.F. Eisenberger, M. Esteller, J.G. Herman, L. Wu, A.P. Decker, J. Jen, D. Sidransky.
Molecular detection of tumor cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from patients with early stage lung cancer.
J Nat Cancer Inst, 91 (1999), pp. 332-339
[13.]
G. Ferretti, G. Curigliano, U. Pastorino, A. Cittadini, G. Eflamini, M. Grazia, C.T. De Pas, L. Orlando, M. Mandala, M. Colleoni, L. Spaggiari, P.L. Granone, G. Pagliari, P. Braud, N. Fazio, A. Goldhirsch.
Detection by denaturant gradient gel electrophoresis of tumor-specific mutations in biopsies and relative bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from resectable non-small cell lung cancer.
Clin Cancer Res, 6 (2000), pp. 2393-2400
[14.]
C.A. Powell, S. Klares, G. O’Connor, J.S. Brody.
Loss of Heterozygosity in epithelial cells obtained by bronchial brushing: Clinical utility in lung cancer.
Clin Cancer Res, 5 (1999), pp. 2025-2034
[15.]
G. Sozi, D. Conte, L. Mariani, S. Lo Vullo, L. Roz, C. Lombardo, M.A. Pierotti, L. Tavecchio.
Analysis and circulating tumor DNA in plasma at diagnosis and during fo-llow-up of lung cancer patients.
Cancer Res, 61 (2001), pp. 4675-4678
[16.]
Joseph Sambrook, David W. Russell.
Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, 3,
[17.]
K. Viktorsson, L.D. Petris, R. Lewensohn.
The role of p53 in treatment responses of lung cancer.
Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 331 (2005), pp. 868-880
[18.]
S. Singhal, A. Vachani, D. Antin-Ozerkis, L.R. Kaiser, S.M. Abelda.
Prognostic implications of cell cycle, apoptosis and angiogenesis and biomarkers in non-small cell lung cancer: A Review.
Clin Cancer Res, 11 (2005), pp. 3974-3986
[19.]
T. Mitsudomi, N. Hamajima, Takahashi Ogawa.
Prognostic significance of p53 alterations in patients with non-small cell lung cancer: a Meta-analysis.
Clin Cancer Res, 6 (2000), pp. 4055-4063
[20.]
M. Meyerson, W.A. Franklin, M.J. Kelly.
Molecular classification and molecular genetics of human lung cancer.
Sem in Oncol, 31 (2004), pp. 4-19
[21.]
J. Ferlay, F. Bray, P. Pisani, et al.
GLOBOCAN 2002: Cancer Incidence, Mortality and Prevalence Worldwide IARC CancerBAse Nº. 5, Version 2.0,
[22.]
J.M. Borràs, E. Fernandez, J.R. Gonzalez, E. Negri, F. Lucchini, C. La Vecchia, F. Levi.
Lung cancer mortality in European regions (1955-1997).
Ann Oncol, 14 (2003), pp. 159-161
[23.]
T.M. Hernandez-Boussard, P. Hainaut.
A specific spectrum of p53 Mutations in lung cancer from smokers: Review of mutations Complied in the IARC p53 database.
Environmental Heallth Perspecyives, 106 (1998),
[24.]
D.A. Eberhard, B.E. Johnson, L.C. Ameler, et al.
Mutations in the epidermal growth factor and in KRAS are predictive and prognostic indicators in patients with non-small cell lung cancer treated with chemotherapy alone and in combination with erlotinib.
J Clin Oncol, 23 (2005), pp. 5900-5909
[25.]
M.S. Tsao, A. Sakurada, J.C. Cutz, et al.
Erlotinib in lung cancer – molecular and clinical predictors of outcome.
N Eng J Med, 353 (2005), pp. 133-144
[26.]
S.A. Ahrendt, S.C. Yang, L. Wu, C.M. Roig, P. Russell, W.H. Westra, J. Jen, M.V. Brock, R.F. Heitmiller, D. Sidransky.
Molecular assessment of lymph nodes in patients with resected stage I non-small cell lung cancer: Preliminary results of a prospective study.
J Thorac Cardiovas Surg, 123 (2002), pp. 466-474
[27.]
D. Dressman, H. Yan, G. Traverso, K.W. Kinzler, B. Vogelstein.
Transforming single DNA molecules into fluorescent magnetic particles for detection and enumeration of genetic variations.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A., 100 (2003), pp. 8817-8822
[28.]
M. Li, F. Diehl, D. Dressman, B. Vogelstein, K.W. Kinzler.
BEAMing up for detection and quantification of rare sequence variants.
Nat Methods, 3 (2006), pp. 95-97
[29.]
J. Jassem, E. Jassem, J.J. Bkiewicz-Banecka, W. Rzyman, A. Badzio, R. Dziadziuszko, G. Kobierska-Gulida, A. Szymanowska, M. Skrzypski, M. Zylicz.
P53 and K-ras mutations are frequent events in microscopically negative surgical margins from patients with nonsmall cell lung carcinoma.
Cancer, 100 (2004), pp. 1951-1960
[30.]
B.G. Masasyesva, B.C. Tong, M.V. Brock, T. Pilkington, D. Goldenberg, D. Sidransky, S. Harden, W.H. Westra, J. Califano.
Molecular margin analysis predicts local recurrence after sublobar resection of lung cancer.
Int J Cancer, 113 (2005), pp. 1022-1025
[31.]
Y. Dai, Y. Morishita, K. Mase, N. Sato, E. Akaogi, T. Mitsui, M. Noguchi.
Application of the p53 and K-ras gene mutation patterns for cytologic diagnosis of recurrent lung carcinomas. Combined Analysis with Microdissection and Polymerase Chain Reaction–Single-Strand Conformation Polymorphism.
Cancer, 90 (2000), pp. 258-263
[32.]
G. Salvatore, R. Giannini, P. Faviana, A. Caleo, I. Migliaccio, J.A. Fagin, Y.E. Nikiforov, G. Troncone, L. Palombini, F. Basolo, M. Santoro.
Analysis of BRAF point mutation and RET/PTC rearrangement refines the fine-need-le aspiration diagnosis of papillary thyroid carcinoma.
J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 89 (2004), pp. 5175-5180
[33.]
M.S. Redston, C. Caldas, A.B. Seymour, R.H. Hruban, L. da Costa, C.J. Yeo, S.E. Kern.
p53 mutations in pancreatic carcinoma and evidence of common involvement of homocopolymer tracts in DNA microdeletions.
Cancer Res., 54 (1994), pp. 3025-3033
Copyright © 2007. Sociedade Portuguesa de Pneumologia/SPP
Pulmonology
Article options
Tools

Are you a health professional able to prescribe or dispense drugs?