Journal Information
Vol. 4. Issue 3.
Pages 243-269 (May - June 1998)
Share
Share
Download PDF
More article options
Vol. 4. Issue 3.
Pages 243-269 (May - June 1998)
ARTIGO ORIGINAL/ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Open Access
Variação anual dos débitos expiratórios em trabalhadores da indústria têxtil. Relação com a exposição a endotoxinas bacterianas
Annual lung function variation in textile industry workers. Relation with endotoxine exposure
Visits
4618
J. Torres da Costa*, J.P. Moreira da Silva*, J. Ferreira*, M. Capitāo-Filipe*, Marinela Vaz*, Olga Mayan**, J. Agostinho Marques***, A. Sousa Pinto****
* Unidade de Imunoalergologia H.S. Joã (Directora: Dra Manancla Vaz)
** Departmento de Saúde Ambiental e Toxicologia INSA porto (Directora: Enga Olga Mayan)
*** Serviço de Pneulogia da Faculdade de Medicina da U.P. (Director: Prof. Doutor J. Agostinho Marques)
**** Departamento de Clinica Gerald a Faculdade de Medicina da U.P. (Director. Prof. Doctor Alexandre Sausa Pinto)
This item has received

Under a Creative Commons license
Article information
RESUMO

Os trabalhadores da industría textil estāo expostos. puluentes ocupacionais que frequentemente são causa de doençã respiratória. Entre as patologias descritas, a bissinose, a tosse crónica e a asma são as mais comuns. parecendo a sua lncidência depender dos nivels de empoeiramento e endotoxinas a que os trabalhadores estão expostos.

Neste estudo foi nosso objectivo avaliar a relação entre as caracteristicas do local de trabalho (empoeiramento e endotoxinas) com a variaçã do VEMS, anual e ao longo do turno de trabalho, e a hiperreactrividade brônquica inespecifica (HRB).

Assim, avaliámos 417 trabalhadores têxteis, 231 (fiação) e 186 (tecelagem). Os trabalhadores da fiação estavam expostos a 0,68mg/m3 de empoeiramento, e 14.2ng/m3 de endotoxinas. Na tecelagem os trabalhadores estavam expostos a um empoeiramento de 0,42mg/m3 não se tendo encontrado niveis mensuráveis de endotoxinas. Para os trabalhadores da fiação, os níveis de endotoxinal estavam relacionados com a HRB (r=0,32 p<0,01), estando os trabalhodores com metacolina positiva (≤ 16mg/ml) expostos a níveis de endotoxinal mais elevados (21,9±21,3ng/m3 / 9,3±10,7ng/nr3 p<0,0001). Os niveis de endotoxinas eram ainda superiores nos trabalhadores que apresentaram uma vareação do VEMS ao longo do turno5% ou200ml (25,6±19,4ng/m3 / 6,8±0,7ng/m3 p<0,0001). Os niveis de empoeiramento não se realcionaram nem com a presença de HRB, nem com a variação do VEMS ao longo do turno de trabalho.

A média anual de variação do VEMS em 3 anos (D-VEMS ano) foi maior nos trabalhodores da fiação -50,2±34ml, que nos da tecelagem -32,0±12ml, p<0,00001. Na fiação o D-VEMS ano estava relacionado com os níveis de endotoxinas, (r=0,48 p<0,001) e com a HRB (r=0,72 p<0,001) e com a HRB (r=-0,72 p<0,001), não se tendo obsevado correlaçã com os niveis de empoeramento.

Os trabalhadores da fiação que apresentavam uma variação positiva do VEMS ao longo do turno, apresentaram igualamente major variação anual do D-VEMS ao longo do turno, apresentaram igualmente major variação anual do D-VEMS (-75,5±-32,7ml / 34,3±25,1ml p<0,0001). Na fiação, 65 trabulhadores (28,2%) apresentavam sintomas respiratórios. Dester, 7,7% tinham bissinose 13,4% asma. Entre estes dois grupos só a H RB apresentou diferenças, apresentando os asmáticos major biperreactivadade brônquca (5,7±7,3mg/ml p<0,05). Na área de tecelagem não foram observados trabalhadores com critérios de bissinose.

Na avaliação dos trabalhadores da indústria têxtil, a observação do VEMS são provavelmente o melhor indicador de doença respiraória. Na avaliação individual destes trabalhadores, a varição do VEMS ao longo do turno e a HRB à metacolina, estão relacionadas com a redução annual do vems, e como tal parecem ser os melhores indicadores de risco de doença respiratoria. Na avaliação ambiental, destinada a avaliar as condições de trabalho da indústrin textile, parece ser mais importante determiner o nivel de endotoxinas que o de empoeramento, pois o primeiro parece ser o principal risco ocupacional para as doenças respiratórias relacionadas com esta actividade professional.

REV PORT PNEUMOL 1998; IV (3): 243-269

Polavras-chave:
Bissinose
Asma Ocupacional
Endo-toxinas Bacterianas
SUMMARY

Textile industry workers are exposed to environmental dust which frequently causes respiratory diseases. Among the diseases known, byssinose, chronic cough and asthma, are the most frequent, and seem to related to cotton dust and endotoxines levels.

Our purpose was to evaluate the relationship between environmental characteristics (dust levels and endotoxines) with annual and shift FEV variation and bronchial hypereactivity (BHR).

We evaluated 417 cotton industry workers, 213 (cotton spinning), and 186 (cotton weaving). The sinning workers were exposed to 0.68mg/m3, but endotoxines were not detected. In the weaving area, workers were exposed to dust level of 0.42mg.m3, but endotoxines were not detected. In the spinning area, the endotoxine leves were related to BHR (r=-0.32 p<0.01), being those with positive methacholine challenge test (≤ 16mg/ml) exposed to higher endotoxine levels (21.9±21.3ng/m3 / 9.3±10.7ng/m3 p>0001). The endotoxine levels were also superior among the workers who presented FEV1 variations through the shift5% or>200ml (25.6±19.4ng/m3 /6.8+0.7ng/m3 p<0,0001). Dust levels were not related with BHR nor to the variation of FEVI during the shift.

The annual FEV1 variation was studied for 3 years (D-FEV1 year), was higher in the spinning workers (-50.2±34ml/-32.0±12ml p<0.00001), and was related to endotoxine levels (r=0.48 p<0.001) and with BHR (r=-0.72 p<0.001). There was no relation with dust level. The workers who presented a positive FEV1 variation during the shift, also presented a higher D-FEV1 year, (-75.5±32.7ml/-34.3±25.1ml p<0.001).

Among the spinning workers, 28.2% have respiratory symptoms. Byssinose was found in 7.7% and asthma in 13.4%, and among them the asthmatics have higher BHR (5.7±7.3mg/ml/10.5±7.3mg/ml p<0.05). In the weaving area byssinoses was not reported. In the weaving area byssinoses was not reported. In the textile workers theFEV1 variation seems to be the best parameter to evaluate the presence of respiratory disease. In the individual evaluation, the determination on the variations of expiratory levels throughout the shift and BHR seem to be the best evidence of respiratory disease. In the work place, the endotoxine level seems more important to be evaluated than the dust leves as an environment risk factor for respiratory disease.

REV PORT PNEUMOL 1998; IV (3): 243-269

Key-words:
Byssinosis
Occupational Asthma
Bacterial Endotoxines
Full text is only aviable in PDF
BIBLIOGRAFIA
[1.]
B. Ramazzini.
De Morbis Artificum Diatriba, pp. 257
[2.]
J.P. Kay.
Observations and experiments concerning molecular of the lungs as one source of tubercular consuption, and on spinner’s phtisis.
North Eng Med Surg J, 1 (1831), pp. 348
[3.]
J. Heymar.
Enquete sur le travail et la condition physique et moraledes ouviriers employés dans le manufactures de cotton, á Gand, 16 (1845), pp. 5
[4.]
R.S.F. Schilling, N. Goodman.
Cardivaseular disease in cotton workers: Part I.
Br J Ind Med, 9 (1952), pp. 146-153
[5.]
R.S.F. Schilling.
Byssionosis in cotton and other textile workers.
Lancet, 2 (1953), pp. 261-265
[6.]
S.A. Roach, R.S.F. Schilling.
A clinical and environmental study of byssonosis in the Lancashire cotton workers.
Br. J. Med., 17 (1955), pp. 1-9
[7.]
R. Rylander, R.S.F. Schilling, G.B. Rooke, R.R. Jacobs.
Effects after acute and chronic exposure to cotton dust: Manchester criteria.
Br. J. Med., 44 (1987), pp. 577-579
[8.]
D. Fishwick, A. Flether, C. Anthony, C.M.C.L. Pickering, R. Niven, E.B. Faragher.
Lung Function, Bronchial Reactivity, Atopic Status, and Dust Exposure in Lancashire Cotton Mill Operatives.
Am. J. Respi. Crit Care Med., 145 (1992), pp. 1103-1108
[9.]
S.M. Kennedy, D.C. Christiani, E.A. Eisen, D.H. Wegmen, I.A. Greaves, S.A. Olenchock, Y. Ting-Ting, I. Peilian.
Cotton Dust and Endotoxine Exposure Response Relationships in Cotton Textile Workers.
Am. Rev. Respir. Dis., 135 (1987), pp. 194-200
[10.]
D.C. Christiani, Y. Ting-Ting, D.H. Wegman, E.A. Eisen, D. He-Lian, L. Pei-Lien.
Pulmonary Function Among Cotton Textile Workers. A Study of variability in Symptom Reporting, Across-Shift Drop in Fev and Longitudinal Change.
Chest, 105 (1994), pp. 1713-1721
[11.]
R.N. Jones, B.T. Butcher, Y.Y. Hammed, J.E. Diem, H.W. Glindmeyer, S.B. Lehrer, J.M. Hughes, H. Weill.
Interaction of atopy and exposure to cotton dust in the bronchoconstrictor response.
Br J. Ind. Med., 37 (1980), pp. 141-146
[12.]
Norma Portuguesa NP.
Higiene e Segurança no Trabalho, Valores limites de exposiçã para substâncias nocivas existentes no ar dos locais de trabalho, (1988),
[13.]
H.W. Glidmeyer, J.J. Lefante, R.N. Jones, R.J. Rando, H. Weill.
Cotton dust and Across-Shift Change in FEV1 as Predictors of Annual Change in FEV.
Am. J. Respi. Crit Care Med., 149 (1994), pp. 584-590
[14.]
J. Torres da Costa, Henrique Barros, J.A. Macedo, Helena Ribeiro, Olga Mayan, A. Sousa Pinto.
Sintomas respiratórios na indústía textile. Prevalência na região do Vale do Ave.
Acta Médica Portuguesa, 10 (1997), pp. 7-14
[15.]
J Torres da Costa, Henrique Barros, JA Mace-Do, Helena Ribeiro, Olga Mayan, A Sousa Pinto. Sintomas respiratórios na indústria textile. Relação com niveis de empoeiramento, Acta Médica Portuguesa. Aceite para publicação.
[16.]
T. Smith, D. Heederic, R. Houba, P.H. Quanjer.
Dust- and Endotoxin-related Respiratory Effects in the Animal Feed Industry.
Am. Rev. Respir. Dis., 146 (1992), pp. 1474-1479
[17.]
D.C. Christiani, Y.E. Ting, D.H. Wegman, E.A. Eisen, H.L. Dai, P.L. Lu.
Cotton dust exposure, across-shift, Drop in FEV1 and five-year change in lung function.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med., 150 (1994), pp. 1250-1255
[18.]
B.G. Ferris.
Epidemiology standardization project.
Am Rev Resp Dis, 118 (1978), pp. 55-88
[19.]
R.S.F. Schilling, E.C. Vigiliani, B. Lammers, F. Valic, J.C. Gitson.
Texto de conferencia sobre Bissinose, Livro de abstracts do 14 Congresso de Medicina Ocupacional, (1963), pp. 137-145
[20.]
International Consensus Reporton Diagnosis and Management of Asthma.
Allergy, 47 (1992),
[21.]
N.M. Eiser.
Bronchial provocation tests 205-106.
Bronchial Hyperresponsiveness,
[22.]
D.W. Cockcroft, D.N. Killiam, J.J.A. Mellon, et al.
Bronchial reactivity to inhaled methacholing: a metod and clinical survey.
Clin allergy, 7 (1977), pp. 235-243
[23.]
Securitė et Hygiene dans l' Industrie Textil.
Commission des Industries Textils Rapport III, Burcau International du Travail, (1973),
[24.]
GUIDELINES ON VALIDATION OF THE LIMULUS AMEBOCYTE TEST FOR HUMAN PARENTERAL DRUGS, BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTS, AND MEDICAL DEVISES. US Department of Health and Human Services Public Health Service, Food and Drug Administration. December 1987
[25.]
Bacterial Endotoxines Test.
United States Pharmacopeia, 22, US Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc, (1990), pp. 1493-1495
[26.]
O. Osterballe, B. Weeke.
A new lancet for skin prick testing.
Allergy, 34 (1979), pp. 209-212
[27.]
D. Fishwick, A.M. Fletcher, C.A. Pickering, R.M. Niven, E.B. Faragher.
Respiratory symptoms and Dust Exposure in Lancashire Cotton and Man-made Fiber Mill Operatives.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 150 (1994), pp. 441-447
[28.]
E. Zuskin, D. Ivankovic, Schachteren, T.J. Witec.
A Ten-Year Follow-up Study of Cotton Textile Workers.
Am Rev Respir Dis, 143 (1991), pp. 301-305
[29.]
S. Deschamps, I. Momas, B. Festy.
Queiques aspects du risqué professionnel lié à l'inhalation d' endotoxines.
Arch Mal. Prof., 55 (1994), pp. 327-333
[30.]
R. Rylander, B. Bake, J.J. Fischer, I.M. Helander.
Pulmonary function and symptoms after inhalation of endotoxines.
Am. Rev. Respir. Dis., 140 (1989), pp. 981-986
[31.]
R.L. Ulevitch.
Recognition of bacterial endotoxines by receptor dependent mechanisms.
Adv immunol, 5 (1993), pp. 267-289
[32.]
E.T. Rietschel, H. Brade.
Bacterial endotoxines.
Sci. Am., (1992), pp. 54-61
[33.]
M.A. Read, B.O. Meyrick.
Effects of endotoxin on lung endothelium.
Endotoxin and lungs,
[34.]
J.D. Plitman, J.R. Snapper.
Effects of endotoxin on airway function.
Endotoxin and the lungs,
[35.]
Rylander R. Communição pessoal.
[36.]
O. Michel, J. Kips, J. Duchateau, F. Vertongen, L. Robert, H. Collet, R. Pauwels, R. Sergysels.
Severity of Asthma is related to endotoxin in house dust.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 154 (1996), pp. 1641-1646
[37.]
R.N. Jones, J.E. Diem, H. Glindmeyer, V. Dharmarajan, Y.Y. Hammad, J. Carr, J. Weill.
Mill effect and dose-response relationships in byssinosis.
British J. ind Med, 36 (1979), pp. 305-313
[38.]
J.A. Merchant, I.L. Benrstein.
Cotton and other textile dusts.
Asthma is workplace,
[39.]
M.G. Buck, J.H. Wall, N. Schachter.
Airway constrictor response to cotton bract extracts in the absence of endotoxin.
British. J. of Ind. Med., 43 (1986), pp. 220-226
[40.]
J.A.D. Cooper, W.W. Merril, M.G. Back, N. Schachter.
The Relationship between Bronchoalveolar Neutrophil Recruitment and Bronchoconstriction Induced by a Soluble Extract of Cotton Bracts.
Am Rev. Respire. Dis., 134 (1986), pp. 975-982
[41.]
T.J. Witek, C.A. Mazzara, E. Zuskin, G.J. Beck, M.G. Buck, N. Schatter.
Bronchial responsiveness after inhalation of cotton bract extract.
Am. Rev. Respire. Dis., 138 (1988), pp. 1579-1583
[42.]
G. Berry, Mckerrow, M. Molyneux, C. Rossiter, J. Tombleson.
A study of the acute and chronic changes in ventilator capacity of workers in Lancashire cottonmills.
Br J Ind Med, 30 (1973), pp. 25-36
[43.]
R.D. Hopp, N.M. Nair, A.K. Bewtra, R.G. Townley.
Genetic aspects of bronchial hypwrreactivity.
Genetics and environmental factors in clinical allergy,
[44.]
M.J. Sepulveda, R.M. Castellan, J.L. Hankinson, J.B. Cocke.
Acute lung function response to cotton dust in atopic and non-atopic individuals.
Br. Indust. Med., 41 (1984), pp. 487-491
[45.]
US Department of Labor, National Institute for Ocupacional Safety and Health.
Cotton dust title 29: Code of Federal Regulations, (1910),
[46.]
CONTRIBUIÇÃ PARA O ESTUDO DA EPIDEMIOLOGIA DA ASMA EM PORTUGAL. Dessertação de candidature ao Universidade do Porto do Licenciado Francisco José Pereira Alves. Porto 1994.
[47.]
A. Ruffili, S. Bonini.
Susceptibility genes for allergy and asthma.
Allergy, 52 (1997), pp. 256-273
[48.]
J.D. Hamilton, V.H. Germino, J.A. Merchant, K.H. Lumaden, J.C. Kilborn.
Byssinois in a nontextile worker.
Am Rev. Respire. Dis., 107 (1973), pp. 464-466
Copyright © 1998. Sociedade Portuguesa de Pneumologia/SPP
Pulmonology
Article options
Tools

Are you a health professional able to prescribe or dispense drugs?