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Vol. 3. Issue 6.
Pages 579-615 (November - December 1997)
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Vol. 3. Issue 6.
Pages 579-615 (November - December 1997)
PRÉMIO THOMÉ VILLAR - BOEHRINGER INGELHEIM, 1996
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Patologia respiratória alérgica em trabalhadores expostos a detergentes enzimáticos: estudo retrospectivo
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RESUMO

As enzimas proteolíticas derivadas do Bacillus subtilis, genericamente denominadas de subtilisinas, começaram a comercializar-se na Holanda em 1963 como aditivos para detergentes. As suas propriedades catalisadoras têm sido utilizadas desde então para facilitar a remoção de nódoas proteicas e aumentar assim a eficácia dos detergentes. As poeiras enzimáticas libertadas e inaladas nos locais de trabalho, em virtude da sua estrutura proteica, são capazes de sensibilizar os trabalhadores, causando patologia respiratória alérgica. Este efeito pode ser potencializado pelas poeiras dos detergentes. O reconhecimento dos efeitos poteociais da inalação de poeiras enzimáticas, detectados desde 1968 e publicados pela primeira vez em 1969, tem sido acompaohado da adopção de medidas correctivas de modo a limitar a exposição dos trabalhadores, medidas essas incompletamente avaliadas relativamente à redução dos efeitos sobre a saúde.

Na fábrica Lever, a produção de detergentes enzimáticos vem-se efectuando desde 1971. Desde então procederam-se a alterações diversas das condições de trabalbo que provavelmente tiveram repercussão sobre a saúde dos seus trabalbadores. Por outro lado, nem todos os indivíduos expostos a detergentes enzimáticos apresentaram queixas compatíveis com patologia alérgica, o que poderá depender de factores individuais e/ou de diferentes níveis de exposição.

O objectivo deste trabalho consistiu em estudar os facto res capazes de influenciarem os efeitos da exposição a detergentes enzimáticos sobre a saúde dos trabalbadores, aplicando a metodologia epidemiológica ocupacional.

Keywords:
Palavras–chave
Detergentes enzimáticos
Patologia alérgica respiratória
SUMMARY

The proteolytic enzymes derived from Bacillus subtilis, usually denominated subtilisines, were first put into market in Holland in 1963 as detergents’ additives. Its catalising qualities have been used to enhance cleaning effectiveness of detergents as well as to facilitate the removal of proteic stains.

Due to its own protein structure, the enzyme dust released and inhaled in working places may develop immunological sensitization and provoking allergic respiratory pathology. This effect may be potentiated by the dust of detergents.

The acknowledgement of the possible effects of enzyme dust inhalation detected in 1968 have led to the adoption of corrective measures so as to restrain workers exposure to the aforementioned enzyme dust.

The effectiveness of these measures, as far as the reduction of harmful effects on workers’ health are concerned, has not yet been given proper assessment. Lever factory has been producing enzyme detergents since 1971.

The various changes in the working environment that have occurred since then, may have caused some effects on the worker health.

Nevertheless, some of the workers exposed to enzyme dust of detergents do not show any signs of allergic pathology. This may depend on either individual factors or different level of exposure or even both.

The purpose of this work is to study the factor capable of influencing the effects of dust exposure (allergic respiratory pathology) by applying the occupational epidemiologic methodology.

Keywords:
Key–words
Enzyme detergents
Allergic respiratory pathology
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