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Vol. 10. Issue 3.
Pages 205-215 (May - June 2004)
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Vol. 10. Issue 3.
Pages 205-215 (May - June 2004)
ARTIGO ORIGINAL/ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Open Access
O perfil da tuberculose no paciente VIH+ antes e após a era dos anti-retrovirais de elevada eficácia
Tuberculosis profile in HIV+patient before and after the use of high activity antiretroviral treatment
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Vanessa Mendonça Duque Belmiro*, Denise Duprat Neves**, Sonia Regina da Silva Carvalho***
* Médica, Pós-graduada em Pneumologia na UNIRIO, Hospital Universitário Gaffrée e Guinle da Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil.
** Prof.ª Adjunta de Pneumologia da UNIRIO, Doutora pela UFRJ, Hospital Universitário Gaffrée e Guinle da Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil.
*** Prof. Assistente de Pneumologia da UNIRIO, Mestre pela UFF, Hospital Universitário Gaffrée e Guinle da Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil.
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RESUMO

O esquema anti-retroviral de alta actividade (HAART) induz a restauração do número e da função dos linfócitos T CD4 e, portanto, vem modificando o perfil da tuberculose nos pacientes VIH+. O objectivo deste estudo é avaliar características clínicas, radiológicas e a evolução destes pacientes e comparar com os resultados obtidos em estudo anterior em pacientes sem uso de esquema HAART. Estudo transversal em pacientes VIH+ que iniciaram tratamento para tuberculose, de qualquer localização, no Hospital Universitário Gaffrée e Guinle, entre 1997 e 2001 (com HAART), comparado com estudo semelhante realizado entre 1989 e 1990 (sem HAART). Foram incluídos 107 pacientes em relação aos 152 casos avaliados anteriormente. Encontramos uma maior frequência de pacientes jovens, brancos, do sexo masculino em ambos os períodos. Os principais resultados incluem: (a) uma maior confirmação no diagnóstico da tuberculose através do BAAR cultura e histopatológico; (b) diminuição das doenças associadas à tuberculose durante o período de tratamento; (c) maior alta por cura (62%) com taxa de óbito, por qualquer causa, diminuiu de 55% (sem HAART) para cerca de 8% (com HAART); (d) o acometimento pulmonar continuou a ser a manifestação mais frequente, apesar de as formas extrapulmonares serem mais comuns do que na população em geral. Concluímos, portanto, que o uso do esquema HAART tornou a apresentação e evolução da tuberculose nos pacientes VIH+ semelhante à de paciente não VIH.

REV PORT PNEUMOL 2004; X (3): 205-215

Palavras-chave:
síndroma de imunodeficiência adquirida
terapia anti-retroviral de alta actividade
tuberculose
ABSTRACT

The high activity antiretroviral treatment (HAART) induces the restoration of the number and function of CD4+ T lymphocytes and is changing the landscape of tuberculosis in patients HIV-infected. The objective of this study is to evaluate the clinical, radiographic features and evolution of these patients and compare to the results obtained in a previous study with patients with no HAART use. A retrospective transversal study (with HAART) was done with patients HIV-infected that began the tuberculosis treatment in the Gaffrée e Guinle University Hospital, from 1997 to 2001 and compared to a previous study (no HAART) that was done from 1989 to 1990. The population studied was: 107 patients (with HAART) and 152 patients (no HAART) and in both studies there were a higher frequency in young white males. The relevant results included: (a) an increase in bacteriology and histopathology diagnosis confirmation; (b) a decrease number of associated diseases during tuberculosis treatment; (c) a higher end-treatment and the death rate decreased from 55% (no HAART) to 8% (with HAART); (d) pulmonary tuberculosis was more frequent in both studies although extra-pulmonary forms were more common than in general population. We concluded that the use of HAART turned the history of tuberculosis in HIV patients getting similar to that non-imunossupressed.

REV PORT PNEUMOL 2004; X (3): 205-215

Key-words:
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
antiretroviral therapy highly active
tuberculosis
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Copyright © 2004. Sociedade Portuguesa de Pneumologia/SPP
Pulmonology
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