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RESUMO
Passando-se em revista os dados cientificos acerca dos agonistas beta de actuação prolongada. afirmase que eles não cumprem o objectivo para que foram sintetizados – a utilização regular como terapêutica de manutenção.
O facto de não possuírem propriedades anti-inflamatórias é um grande handicap já que é esta a função que se pretende para uma terapêutica de fundo da asma.
Mais do que a broncodilataçã o, interessaria que fossem capazes de limitar as consequências das agressões agudas das vias aéreas. Contudo, verificase que têm o efeito de diminuir a protecção em relção a agressões inalatórias como as da metacolina, da histamina ou do alergénio e o seu uso regular agrava a broncoconstrição do exercício. Para além disso, induz tolerância ao efeito broncodilatador do Salbutamol.
Por isso, parecem limitadas as indicações para o uso deste tipo de medicamentos, que não deve em circunstância alguma ser admioistrado como monoterapia.
Se nas asmas ligeiras e moderadas encontramos facilmente outras opções eficazes, fica de pé, para além da prevenção da asma nocturna, a sua utilizaçãio nas asmas de maior gravidade, como presumível potenclador do papel dos corticosteroides.
Palavras-chave:
Betamiméticos
broncodilatação
asma
ABSTRACT
On reviewing the scientific data on the long-acting beta-agonists, it is pointed out they do not meet the goals they were synthetized – the regular use as maintenance therapy.
The fact that they do not possess anti-inflammatory properties is a great handicap because that is exactely the aim of long-term asthma therapy.
More than bronchodilation, one would be interested that long-acting beta-agonists could prevent the excessive airway narrowing under inbalatory agression. However, it has been observed that its regular administration decreases the protection against inhaled methacholine, histamine and allergen, and that it does not protect against exercise bronchooonstriction. Futhermore, they induce tolerance to Salbutamol bronchodilation.
The usefulness of this drugs seems, therefore, to be scarce. They should not, in any circunstance, be administered as monotherapy.
If for mild and moderate asthma we easily find other options, we remain, beside the nocturnal asthma prevention, with its use in more severe cases of asthma as presumable potentiator of corticosteroids.
Key-words:
betamimetics
bronchodilation
asthma
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